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4 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Simon Alibert bf1c737858 Fix calibration msg display 2025-04-17 13:18:32 +02:00
Simon Alibert d07c7347f8 Add setup_motor 2025-04-17 13:14:06 +02:00
Simon Alibert 57e5e4cc07 Move read/write_calibration implementations 2025-04-16 11:23:33 +02:00
Simon Alibert 2743c29a96 Update feetech tables 2025-04-16 11:01:12 +02:00
14 changed files with 248 additions and 108 deletions

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@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ from .tables import (
)
PROTOCOL_VERSION = 2.0
BAUDRATE = 1_000_000
DEFAULT_BAUDRATE = 1_000_000
DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS = 1000
NORMALIZED_DATA = ["Goal_Position", "Present_Position"]
@ -109,6 +109,7 @@ class DynamixelMotorsBus(MotorsBus):
"""
available_baudrates = deepcopy(AVAILABLE_BAUDRATES)
default_baudrate = DEFAULT_BAUDRATE
default_timeout = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS
model_baudrate_table = deepcopy(MODEL_BAUDRATE_TABLE)
model_ctrl_table = deepcopy(MODEL_CONTROL_TABLE)
@ -139,12 +140,60 @@ class DynamixelMotorsBus(MotorsBus):
def _handshake(self) -> None:
self._assert_motors_exist()
def _find_single_motor(self, motor: str, initial_baudrate: int | None) -> tuple[int, int]:
model = self.motors[motor].model
search_baudrates = (
[initial_baudrate] if initial_baudrate is not None else self.model_baudrate_table[model]
)
for baudrate in search_baudrates:
self.set_baudrate(baudrate)
id_model = self.broadcast_ping()
if id_model:
found_id, found_model = next(iter(id_model.items()))
expected_model_nb = self.model_number_table[model]
if found_model != expected_model_nb:
raise RuntimeError(
f"Found one motor on {baudrate=} with id={found_id} but it has a "
f"model number '{found_model}' different than the one expected: '{expected_model_nb}' "
f"Make sure you are connected only connected to the '{motor}' motor (model '{model}')."
)
return baudrate, found_id
raise RuntimeError(f"Motor '{motor}' (model '{model}') was not found. Make sure it is connected.")
def configure_motors(self) -> None:
# By default, Dynamixel motors have a 500µs delay response time (corresponding to a value of 250 on
# the 'Return_Delay_Time' address). We ensure this is reduced to the minimum of 2µs (value of 0).
for motor in self.motors:
self.write("Return_Delay_Time", motor, 0)
def read_calibration(self) -> dict[str, MotorCalibration]:
offsets = self.sync_read("Homing_Offset", normalize=False)
mins = self.sync_read("Min_Position_Limit", normalize=False)
maxes = self.sync_read("Max_Position_Limit", normalize=False)
drive_modes = self.sync_read("Drive_Mode", normalize=False)
calibration = {}
for name, motor in self.motors.items():
calibration[name] = MotorCalibration(
id=motor.id,
drive_mode=drive_modes[name],
homing_offset=offsets[name],
range_min=mins[name],
range_max=maxes[name],
)
return calibration
def write_calibration(self, calibration_dict: dict[str, MotorCalibration]) -> None:
for motor, calibration in calibration_dict.items():
self.write("Homing_Offset", motor, calibration.homing_offset)
self.write("Min_Position_Limit", motor, calibration.range_min)
self.write("Max_Position_Limit", motor, calibration.range_max)
self.calibration = calibration_dict
def disable_torque(self, motors: str | list[str] | None = None, num_retry: int = 0) -> None:
for name in self._get_motors_list(motors):
self.write("Torque_Enable", name, TorqueMode.DISABLED.value, num_retry=num_retry)

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@ -57,13 +57,13 @@ X_SERIES_CONTROL_TABLE = {
# https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/{MODEL}/#baud-rate8
X_SERIES_BAUDRATE_TABLE = {
0: 9_600,
1: 57_600,
2: 115_200,
3: 1_000_000,
4: 2_000_000,
5: 3_000_000,
6: 4_000_000,
9_600: 0,
57_600: 1,
115_200: 2,
1_000_000: 3,
2_000_000: 4,
3_000_000: 5,
4_000_000: 6,
}
# {data_name: size_byte}

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@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ from .tables import (
)
DEFAULT_PROTOCOL_VERSION = 0
BAUDRATE = 1_000_000
DEFAULT_BAUDRATE = 1_000_000
DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS = 1000
NORMALIZED_DATA = ["Goal_Position", "Present_Position"]
@ -103,6 +103,7 @@ class FeetechMotorsBus(MotorsBus):
"""
available_baudrates = deepcopy(SCAN_BAUDRATES)
default_baudrate = DEFAULT_BAUDRATE
default_timeout = DEFAULT_TIMEOUT_MS
model_baudrate_table = deepcopy(MODEL_BAUDRATE_TABLE)
model_ctrl_table = deepcopy(MODEL_CONTROL_TABLE)
@ -163,6 +164,57 @@ class FeetechMotorsBus(MotorsBus):
self._assert_motors_exist()
self._assert_same_firmware()
def _find_single_motor(self, motor: str, initial_baudrate: int | None = None) -> tuple[int, int]:
if self.protocol_version == 0:
return self._find_single_motor_p0(motor, initial_baudrate)
else:
return self._find_single_motor_p1(motor, initial_baudrate)
def _find_single_motor_p0(self, motor: str, initial_baudrate: int | None = None) -> tuple[int, int]:
model = self.motors[motor].model
search_baudrates = (
[initial_baudrate] if initial_baudrate is not None else self.model_baudrate_table[model]
)
expected_model_nb = self.model_number_table[model]
for baudrate in search_baudrates:
self.set_baudrate(baudrate)
id_model = self.broadcast_ping()
if id_model:
found_id, found_model = next(iter(id_model.items()))
if found_model != expected_model_nb:
raise RuntimeError(
f"Found one motor on {baudrate=} with id={found_id} but it has a "
f"model number '{found_model}' different than the one expected: '{expected_model_nb}' "
f"Make sure you are connected only connected to the '{motor}' motor (model '{model}')."
)
return baudrate, found_id
raise RuntimeError(f"Motor '{motor}' (model '{model}') was not found. Make sure it is connected.")
def _find_single_motor_p1(self, motor: str, initial_baudrate: int | None = None) -> tuple[int, int]:
import scservo_sdk as scs
model = self.motors[motor].model
search_baudrates = (
[initial_baudrate] if initial_baudrate is not None else self.model_baudrate_table[model]
)
expected_model_nb = self.model_number_table[model]
for baudrate in search_baudrates:
self.set_baudrate(baudrate)
for id_ in range(scs.MAX_ID + 1):
found_model = self.ping(id_)
if found_model is not None and found_model != expected_model_nb:
raise RuntimeError(
f"Found one motor on {baudrate=} with id={id_} but it has a "
f"model number '{found_model}' different than the one expected: '{expected_model_nb}' "
f"Make sure you are connected only connected to the '{motor}' motor (model '{model}')."
)
return baudrate, id_
raise RuntimeError(f"Motor '{motor}' (model '{model}') was not found. Make sure it is connected.")
def configure_motors(self) -> None:
for motor in self.motors:
# By default, Feetech motors have a 500µs delay response time (corresponding to a value of 250 on
@ -173,6 +225,43 @@ class FeetechMotorsBus(MotorsBus):
self.write("Maximum_Acceleration", motor, 254)
self.write("Acceleration", motor, 254)
def read_calibration(self) -> dict[str, MotorCalibration]:
if self.protocol_version == 0:
offsets = self.sync_read("Homing_Offset", normalize=False)
mins = self.sync_read("Min_Position_Limit", normalize=False)
maxes = self.sync_read("Max_Position_Limit", normalize=False)
drive_modes = dict.fromkeys(self.motors, 0)
else:
offsets, mins, maxes, drive_modes = {}, {}, {}, {}
for motor in self.motors:
offsets[motor] = 0
mins[motor] = self.read("Min_Position_Limit", motor, normalize=False)
maxes[motor] = self.read("Max_Position_Limit", motor, normalize=False)
drive_modes[motor] = 0
# TODO(aliberts): add set/get_drive_mode?
calibration = {}
for name, motor in self.motors.items():
calibration[name] = MotorCalibration(
id=motor.id,
drive_mode=drive_modes[name],
homing_offset=offsets[name],
range_min=mins[name],
range_max=maxes[name],
)
return calibration
def write_calibration(self, calibration_dict: dict[str, MotorCalibration]) -> None:
for motor, calibration in calibration_dict.items():
if self.protocol_version == 0:
self.write("Homing_Offset", motor, calibration.homing_offset)
self.write("Min_Position_Limit", motor, calibration.range_min)
self.write("Max_Position_Limit", motor, calibration.range_max)
self.calibration = calibration_dict
def _get_half_turn_homings(self, positions: dict[NameOrID, Value]) -> dict[NameOrID, Value]:
"""
On Feetech Motors:
@ -219,29 +308,7 @@ class FeetechMotorsBus(MotorsBus):
def _split_into_byte_chunks(self, value: int, length: int) -> list[int]:
return _split_into_byte_chunks(value, length)
def _broadcast_ping_p1(
self, known_motors_only: bool = True, n_motors: int | None = None, num_retry: int = 0
) -> dict[int, int]:
if known_motors_only:
ids = self.ids
else:
import scservo_sdk as scs
ids = range(scs.MAX_ID + 1)
ids_models = {}
motors_found = 0
for id_ in ids:
model_number = self.ping(id_, num_retry)
if model_number is not None:
ids_models[id_] = model_number
motors_found += 1
if motors_found >= n_motors:
break
return ids_models
def _broadcast_ping_p0(self) -> tuple[dict[int, int], int]:
def _broadcast_ping(self) -> tuple[dict[int, int], int]:
import scservo_sdk as scs
data_list = {}
@ -318,7 +385,7 @@ class FeetechMotorsBus(MotorsBus):
def broadcast_ping(self, num_retry: int = 0, raise_on_error: bool = False) -> dict[int, int] | None:
self._assert_protocol_is_compatible("broadcast_ping")
for n_try in range(1 + num_retry):
ids_status, comm = self._broadcast_ping_p0()
ids_status, comm = self._broadcast_ping()
if self._is_comm_success(comm):
break
logger.debug(f"Broadcast ping failed on port '{self.port}' ({n_try=})")

View File

@ -2,9 +2,8 @@ FIRMWARE_MAJOR_VERSION = (0, 1)
FIRMWARE_MINOR_VERSION = (1, 1)
MODEL_NUMBER = (3, 2)
# See this link for STS3215 Memory Table:
# https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1GVs7W1VS1PqdhA1nW-abeyAHhTUxKUdR/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=116566590112741600240&rtpof=true&sd=true
# data_name: (address, size_byte)
# http://doc.feetech.cn/#/prodinfodownload?srcType=FT-SMS-STS-emanual-229f4476422d4059abfb1cb0
STS_SMS_SERIES_CONTROL_TABLE = {
# EPROM
"Firmware_Major_Version": FIRMWARE_MAJOR_VERSION, # read-only
@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ STS_SMS_SERIES_CONTROL_TABLE = {
"Protective_Torque": (34, 1),
"Protection_Time": (35, 1),
"Overload_Torque": (36, 1),
"Speed_closed_loop_P_proportional_coefficient": (37, 1),
"Velocity_closed_loop_P_proportional_coefficient": (37, 1),
"Over_Current_Protection_Time": (38, 1),
"Velocity_closed_loop_I_integral_coefficient": (39, 1),
# SRAM
@ -44,21 +43,30 @@ STS_SMS_SERIES_CONTROL_TABLE = {
"Acceleration": (41, 1),
"Goal_Position": (42, 2),
"Goal_Time": (44, 2),
"Goal_Speed": (46, 2),
"Goal_Velocity": (46, 2),
"Torque_Limit": (48, 2),
"Lock": (55, 1),
"Present_Position": (56, 2), # read-only
"Present_Speed": (58, 2), # read-only
"Present_Velocity": (58, 2), # read-only
"Present_Load": (60, 2), # read-only
"Present_Voltage": (62, 1), # read-only
"Present_Temperature": (63, 1), # read-only
"Status": (65, 1), # read-only
"Moving": (66, 1), # read-only
"Present_Current": (69, 2), # read-only
# Not in the Memory Table
"Maximum_Acceleration": (85, 2),
"Goal_Position_2": (71, 2), # read-only
# Factory
"Moving_Velocity": (80, 1),
"Moving_Velocity_Threshold": (80, 1),
"DTs": (81, 1), # (ms)
"Velocity_Unit_factor": (82, 1),
"Hts": (83, 1), # (ns) valid for firmware >= 2.54, other versions keep 0
"Maximum_Velocity_Limit": (84, 1),
"Maximum_Acceleration": (85, 1),
"Acceleration_Multiplier ": (86, 1), # Acceleration multiplier in effect when acceleration is 0
}
# http://doc.feetech.cn/#/prodinfodownload?srcType=FT-SCSCL-emanual-cbcc8ab2e3384282a01d4bf3
SCS_SERIES_CONTROL_TABLE = {
# EPROM
"Firmware_Major_Version": FIRMWARE_MAJOR_VERSION, # read-only
@ -66,7 +74,7 @@ SCS_SERIES_CONTROL_TABLE = {
"Model_Number": MODEL_NUMBER, # read-only
"ID": (5, 1),
"Baud_Rate": (6, 1),
"Return_Delay": (7, 1),
"Return_Delay_Time": (7, 1),
"Response_Status_Level": (8, 1),
"Min_Position_Limit": (9, 2),
"Max_Position_Limit": (11, 2),
@ -90,38 +98,45 @@ SCS_SERIES_CONTROL_TABLE = {
"Acceleration": (41, 1),
"Goal_Position": (42, 2),
"Running_Time": (44, 2),
"Goal_Speed": (46, 2),
"Goal_Velocity": (46, 2),
"Lock": (48, 1),
"Present_Position": (56, 2), # read-only
"Present_Speed": (58, 2), # read-only
"Present_Velocity": (58, 2), # read-only
"Present_Load": (60, 2), # read-only
"Present_Voltage": (62, 1), # read-only
"Present_Temperature": (63, 1), # read-only
"Sync_Write_Flag": (64, 1), # read-only
"Status": (65, 1), # read-only
"Moving": (66, 1), # read-only
# Factory
"PWM_Maximum_Step": (78, 1),
"Moving_Velocity_Threshold*50": (79, 1),
"DTs": (80, 1), # (ms)
"Minimum_Velocity_Limit*50": (81, 1),
"Maximum_Velocity_Limit*50": (82, 1),
"Acceleration_2": (83, 1), # don't know what that is
}
STS_SMS_SERIES_BAUDRATE_TABLE = {
0: 1_000_000,
1: 500_000,
2: 250_000,
3: 128_000,
4: 115_200,
5: 57_600,
6: 38_400,
7: 19_200,
1_000_000: 0,
500_000: 1,
250_000: 2,
128_000: 3,
115_200: 4,
57_600: 5,
38_400: 6,
19_200: 7,
}
SCS_SERIES_BAUDRATE_TABLE = {
0: 1_000_000,
1: 500_000,
2: 250_000,
3: 128_000,
4: 115_200,
5: 57_600,
6: 38_400,
7: 19_200,
1_000_000: 0,
500_000: 1,
250_000: 2,
128_000: 3,
115_200: 4,
57_600: 5,
38_400: 6,
19_200: 7,
}
MODEL_CONTROL_TABLE = {
@ -157,7 +172,7 @@ MODEL_BAUDRATE_TABLE = {
# Sign-Magnitude encoding bits
STS_SMS_SERIES_ENCODINGS_TABLE = {
"Homing_Offset": 11,
"Goal_Speed": 15,
"Goal_Velocity": 15,
}
MODEL_ENCODING_TABLE = {

View File

@ -255,6 +255,7 @@ class MotorsBus(abc.ABC):
"""
available_baudrates: list[int]
default_baudrate: int
default_timeout: int
model_baudrate_table: dict[str, dict]
model_ctrl_table: dict[str, dict]
@ -414,6 +415,11 @@ class MotorsBus(abc.ABC):
f"{self.__class__.__name__}('{self.port}') is already connected. Do not call `{self.__class__.__name__}.connect()` twice."
)
self._connect(handshake)
self.set_timeout()
logger.debug(f"{self.__class__.__name__} connected.")
def _connect(self, handshake: bool = True) -> None:
try:
if not self.port_handler.openPort():
raise OSError(f"Failed to open port '{self.port}'.")
@ -425,9 +431,6 @@ class MotorsBus(abc.ABC):
"\nTry running `python lerobot/scripts/find_motors_bus_port.py`\n"
) from e
self.set_timeout()
logger.debug(f"{self.__class__.__name__} connected.")
@abc.abstractmethod
def _handshake(self) -> None:
pass
@ -435,13 +438,7 @@ class MotorsBus(abc.ABC):
@classmethod
def scan_port(cls, port: str, *args, **kwargs) -> dict[int, list[int]]:
bus = cls(port, {}, *args, **kwargs)
try:
bus.port_handler.openPort()
except (FileNotFoundError, OSError, serial.SerialException) as e:
raise ConnectionError(
f"Could not connect to port '{port}'. Make sure you are using the correct port."
"\nTry running `python lerobot/scripts/find_motors_bus_port.py`\n"
) from e
bus._connect(handshake=False)
baudrate_ids = {}
for baudrate in tqdm(bus.available_baudrates, desc="Scanning port"):
bus.set_baudrate(baudrate)
@ -452,6 +449,37 @@ class MotorsBus(abc.ABC):
return baudrate_ids
def setup_motor(
self, motor: str, initial_baudrate: int | None = None, initial_id: int | None = None
) -> None:
if not self.is_connected:
self._connect(handshake=False)
if initial_baudrate is None:
initial_baudrate, initial_id = self._find_single_motor(motor)
if initial_id is None:
_, initial_id = self._find_single_motor(motor, initial_baudrate)
model = self.motors[motor].model
target_id = self.motors[motor].id
self.set_baudrate(initial_baudrate)
# Set ID
addr, length = get_address(self.model_ctrl_table, "ID", model)
self._write(addr, length, initial_id, target_id)
# Set Baudrate
addr, length = get_address(self.model_ctrl_table, "Baud_Rate", model)
baudrate_value = self.model_baudrate_table[model][self.default_baudrate]
self._write(addr, length, target_id, baudrate_value)
self.set_baudrate(self.default_baudrate)
@abc.abstractmethod
def _find_single_motor(self, motor: str, initial_baudrate: int | None) -> tuple[int, int]:
pass
@abc.abstractmethod
def configure_motors(self) -> None:
pass
@ -492,35 +520,13 @@ class MotorsBus(abc.ABC):
def is_calibrated(self) -> bool:
return self.calibration == self.read_calibration()
@abc.abstractmethod
def read_calibration(self) -> dict[str, MotorCalibration]:
offsets = self.sync_read("Homing_Offset", normalize=False)
mins = self.sync_read("Min_Position_Limit", normalize=False)
maxes = self.sync_read("Max_Position_Limit", normalize=False)
try:
drive_modes = self.sync_read("Drive_Mode", normalize=False)
except KeyError:
drive_modes = dict.fromkeys(self.names, 0)
calibration = {}
for name, motor in self.motors.items():
calibration[name] = MotorCalibration(
id=motor.id,
drive_mode=drive_modes[name],
homing_offset=offsets[name],
range_min=mins[name],
range_max=maxes[name],
)
return calibration
pass
@abc.abstractmethod
def write_calibration(self, calibration_dict: dict[str, MotorCalibration]) -> None:
for motor, calibration in calibration_dict.items():
self.write("Homing_Offset", motor, calibration.homing_offset)
self.write("Min_Position_Limit", motor, calibration.range_min)
self.write("Max_Position_Limit", motor, calibration.range_max)
self.calibration = calibration_dict
pass
def reset_calibration(self, motors: NameOrID | list[NameOrID] | None = None) -> None:
if motors is None:

View File

@ -122,7 +122,7 @@ class KochFollower(Robot):
full_turn_motors = ["shoulder_pan", "wrist_roll"]
unknown_range_motors = [name for name in self.arm.names if name not in full_turn_motors]
logger.info(
print(
f"Move all joints except {full_turn_motors} sequentially through their entire "
"ranges of motion.\nRecording positions. Press ENTER to stop..."
)

View File

@ -672,7 +672,7 @@ class LeKiwi:
"""
Reads the raw speeds for all wheels. Returns a dictionary with motor names:
"""
raw_speeds = self.motor_bus.read("Present_Speed", self.motor_ids)
raw_speeds = self.motor_bus.read("Present_Velocity", self.motor_ids)
return {
"left_wheel": int(raw_speeds[0]),
"back_wheel": int(raw_speeds[1]),
@ -684,9 +684,9 @@ class LeKiwi:
Sends raw velocity commands (16-bit encoded values) directly to the motor bus.
The order of speeds must correspond to self.motor_ids.
"""
self.motor_bus.write("Goal_Speed", command_speeds, self.motor_ids)
self.motor_bus.write("Goal_Velocity", command_speeds, self.motor_ids)
def stop(self):
"""Stops the robot by setting all motor speeds to zero."""
self.motor_bus.write("Goal_Speed", [0, 0, 0], self.motor_ids)
self.motor_bus.write("Goal_Velocity", [0, 0, 0], self.motor_ids)
print("Motors stopped.")

View File

@ -684,7 +684,7 @@ class LeKiwi:
"""
Reads the raw speeds for all wheels. Returns a dictionary with motor names:
"""
raw_speeds = self.motor_bus.read("Present_Speed", self.motor_ids)
raw_speeds = self.motor_bus.read("Present_Velocity", self.motor_ids)
return {
"left_wheel": int(raw_speeds[0]),
"back_wheel": int(raw_speeds[1]),
@ -696,9 +696,9 @@ class LeKiwi:
Sends raw velocity commands (16-bit encoded values) directly to the motor bus.
The order of speeds must correspond to self.motor_ids.
"""
self.motor_bus.write("Goal_Speed", command_speeds, self.motor_ids)
self.motor_bus.write("Goal_Velocity", command_speeds, self.motor_ids)
def stop(self):
"""Stops the robot by setting all motor speeds to zero."""
self.motor_bus.write("Goal_Speed", [0, 0, 0], self.motor_ids)
self.motor_bus.write("Goal_Velocity", [0, 0, 0], self.motor_ids)
print("Motors stopped.")

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@ -121,7 +121,7 @@ class SO100Follower(Robot):
full_turn_motor = "wrist_roll"
unknown_range_motors = [name for name in self.arm.names if name != full_turn_motor]
logger.info(
print(
f"Move all joints except '{full_turn_motor}' sequentially through their "
"entire ranges of motion.\nRecording positions. Press ENTER to stop..."
)

View File

@ -117,7 +117,7 @@ class ViperX(Robot):
full_turn_motors = ["shoulder_pan", "wrist_roll"]
unknown_range_motors = [name for name in self.arm.names if name not in full_turn_motors]
logger.info(
print(
f"Move all joints except {full_turn_motors} sequentially through their entire "
"ranges of motion.\nRecording positions. Press ENTER to stop..."
)

View File

@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ class KochLeader(Teleoperator):
full_turn_motors = ["shoulder_pan", "wrist_roll"]
unknown_range_motors = [name for name in self.arm.names if name not in full_turn_motors]
logger.info(
print(
f"Move all joints except {full_turn_motors} sequentially through their "
"entire ranges of motion.\nRecording positions. Press ENTER to stop..."
)

View File

@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ class SO100Leader(Teleoperator):
full_turn_motor = "wrist_roll"
unknown_range_motors = [name for name in self.arm.names if name != full_turn_motor]
logger.info(
print(
f"Move all joints except '{full_turn_motor}' sequentially through their "
"entire ranges of motion.\nRecording positions. Press ENTER to stop..."
)

View File

@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ class WidowX(Teleoperator):
full_turn_motors = ["shoulder_pan", "wrist_roll"]
unknown_range_motors = [name for name in self.arm.names if name not in full_turn_motors]
logger.info(
print(
f"Move all joints except {full_turn_motors} sequentially through their "
"entire ranges of motion.\nRecording positions. Press ENTER to stop..."
)

View File

@ -132,7 +132,10 @@ class MockMotorsBus(MotorsBus):
def _assert_protocol_is_compatible(self, instruction_name): ...
def _handshake(self): ...
def _find_single_motor(self, motor, initial_baudrate): ...
def configure_motors(self): ...
def read_calibration(self): ...
def write_calibration(self, calibration_dict): ...
def disable_torque(self, motors): ...
def enable_torque(self, motors): ...
def _get_half_turn_homings(self, positions): ...